PTH (MSVA-525R)

Recombinant Rabbit monoclonal / IgG 1:100 – 1:200 Research Use Only Cytoplasmic Human MSVA-525R hPTH; Parathormone; Parathyrin; Parathyroid hormone 1 (PTH1); Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Pituitary gland: A strong PTH immunostaining should be seen in all epithelial cells. Kidney: PTH immunostaining should be absent in all cells. PTH is expressed in parathyroid tissue. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), a 9,5 kDa hormone protein which is coded by the PTH gene at 11p15.3 and produced by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands. It regulates the serum calcium concentration by exerting effects on bone, kidney, and intestine. PTH is secreted in response to low blood serum calcium (Ca2+) levels. In order to elevate a low serum calcium level and to release more ionic calcium (Ca2+) into the blood, PTH indirectly stimulates osteoclast activity by increasing RANKL expression of osteoblasts.  The half-life of PTH is about 4 minutes. Disorders that yield too little or too much PTH, such as hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and paraneoplastic syndromes can cause bone disease, hypocalcaemia, and hypercalcaemia. In the kidney, circulating parathyroid hormone I) increases the reabsorption of filtered calcium ions in the distal tubules and the renal collecting ducts, II) inhibits the reabsorption of phosphate from the tubular fluid, resulting in a decrease of the p... In normal tissues, PTH immunostaining is exclusively seen in epithelial cells of the parathyroid gland. These findings are largely consistent to the RNA and protein data described in the Human Protein Atlas (Tissue expression PTH) even though RNA data are provided suggesting that PTH may also occur in the thyroid. As PTH RNA expression in the thyroid was described in the GTEx and the FANTOM5 databases but not in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq tissue dataset , it is concluded, that PTH RNA is not regularly expressed in the normal thyroid gland. It is well possible, that some small and difficult to identify parathyroid glands were erroneously included in some RNA analyses of thyroid tissues. Suggested positive tissue control : P ituitary gland: A strong PTH immunostaining should be seen in all epithelial cells. Suggested negative tissue control: K i dney: PTH immunostaining should be absent in all cells. Parathyroid gland showing intense cytoplasmic PTH immunostaining of all gland... PTH is regularly expressed in benign and malignant neoplasms of the thyroid but largely absent in other tumors. The TCGA findings on PTH RNA expression in different tumor categories have been summarized in the Human Protein Atlas. Strong PTH immunostaining in a parathyroid adenoma PTH negative medullary thyroid cancer PTH negative gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) Cancer tissue gallery No data available at the moment IHC users have different preferences on how the stains should look like. Some prefer high staining intensity of the target stain and even accept some background. Others favor absolute specificity and lighter target stains. Factors that invariably lead to more intense staining include higher concentration of the antibody and visualization tools, longer incubation time, higher temperature during incubation, higher temperature and longer duration of the heat induced epitope retrieval (slide pretreatment). The impact of the pH during slide pretreatment has variable effects and depends on the antibody and the target protein. All images and data shown here and in our image galleries are obtained by the manual protocol described below. Other protocols resulting in equivalent staining are described as well. Manual protocol Freshly cut sections should be used (less than 10 days between cutting and staining). Heat-induced antigen retrieval for 5 minutes in an autoclave at 121°C in pH 9,0 Target ... Data on a possible paraneoplastic expression of PTH in cancer are sparse and controversial. There are two ways, how the specificity of antibodies can be documented for immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed tissues. These are: 1. comparison with a second independent method for target expression measurement across a large number of different tissue types (orthogonal strategy), and 2. Comparison with one or several independent antibodies for the same target and showing that all positive staining results are also seen with other antibodies for the same target (independent antibody strategy). Comparison of MSVA-525R immunostaining with RNA expression RNA expression data derived from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq tissue dataset , the FANTOM5 project, and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project are summarized in the Human Protein Atlas (Tissue expression PTH) . In agreement with the immunostaining pattern observed by MSVA-525R in normal tissues, unequivocal PTH RNA expression is only seen in the parathyroid gland. The thyroid is the only other organ, for which a PTH R...