TFF1 / pS2 (MSVA-482M)

Mouse monoclonal / IgG 1:100 – 1:200 Research Use Only Cytoplasm Human MSVA-482M BCEI, Breast Cancer Estrogen Inducible Protein, Gastrointestinal Trefoil Protein, Gastrointestinal trefoil protein pS2, HP1A, HPS2, pNR2, TFF1, Trefoil Factor 1 Stomach: A strong cytoplasmic TFF1 staining should be seen in the gastric surface epithelium. Kidney: TFF1 immunostaining should be absent in all cell types. TFF1 is an essential molecule in the mucus barrier of the stomach. Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a highly conserved secreted protein with a molecular weight of 6.5kDa. It is coded by the TFF1 gene located at 21q22. TFF1 has lectin activities and is preferentially expressed in the gastric mucosa where it exerts a protecting effect for the mucus barrier. TFF1 plays an important role in epithelial wound repair. Its expression is partly regulated by inflammatory mediators. TFF1 has been suggested to represent a tumor suppressor gene for the stomach because somatic TTF1 mutations have been found in gastric cancers. Tff1-deficient mice serve as a gastric cancer model because 100% of them develop adenomas in the gastric mucosa and of which about 30% progress to carcinomas. Images describing the TFF1 staining pattern in normal tissues obtained by the antibody MSVA- 482M are shown in our “ Normal Tissue Gallery ”. Brain Cerebrum Negative. Cerebellum Negative. Endocrine Tissues Thyroid Negative. Parathyroid Negative. Adrenal gland Negative. Pituitary gland Negative. Respiratory system Respiratory epithelium Goblet cells in respiratory epithelium and in bronchial glands can show weak to moderate cytoplasmic TFF1 positivity. Lung Negative. Gastrointestinal Tract Salivary glands TFF1 positivity of varying intensity is often (but not always) seen in mucinous glands. The apical membranes of excretory ducts can also stain (may be due to secreted TFF1 positive materials). Esophagus Negative. Stomach Very intense cytoplasmic TFF1 staining of surface epithelial cells but not of the stomach glands. Colon Moderate cytoplasmic TFF1 staining of a small subset of goblet cells. Duodenum Moderate to strong TFF1 staining of selected goblet cells, predominantly at the surfac... RNA expression screening studies have described elevated levels of TFF1 in gastric, colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and lung cancer. The TCGA findings on TFF1 RNA expression in different tumor categories have been summarized in the Human Protein Atlas. Stomach – Gastric adenocarcinoma (diffuse type) with intense TFF1 immunostaining of all tumor cells Breast – Invasive breast cancer of no special type (NST) with strong TFF1 immunostaining of most tumor cells Prostate – Adenocarcinoma (Gleason 4+4=8) with moderate to strong TFF1 staining of a large fraction of tumor cells Cancer tissue gallery TFF1 (MSVA-482M) publication summary Relevant publication: Lutz et al. “Expression of Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) in Cancer: A Tissue Microarray Study Involving 18’878 Tumors” Published in Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Sep 28 PMID: 39410561 A total of 16’817 tumors from 149 different tumor categories were successfully analyzed by using the following protocol: Heat-induced antigen retrieval for 5 minutes in an autoclave at 121°C in pH 7,8 Target Retrieval Solution buffer. MSVA-482M, at a dilution of 1:150 at 37°C for 60 minutes. Visualization of bound antibody by the EnVision Kit (Dako, Agilent). This protocol was also used for all stainings depicted in our tumor and normal tissue galleries. Overall, 65 of 149 tumor categories showed detectable TFF1 staining with 32 tumor categories showing at least one strongly positive case. The highest positivity rates occurred in mucinous carcinomas of the ovary (76.2%), colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas (47.1–75.0%), tumors of the breast (up to 72.9%... IHC users have different preferences on how the stains should look like. Some prefer high staining intensity of the target stain and even accept some background. Others favor absolute specificity and lighter target stains. Factors that invariably lead to more intense staining include higher concentration of the antibody and visualization tools, longer incubation time, higher temperature during incubation, higher temperature and longer duration of the heat induced epitope retrieval (slide pretreatment). The impact of the pH during slide pretreatment has variable effects and depends on the antibody and the target protein. All images and data shown here and in our image galleries are obtained by the manual protocol described below. Other protocols resulting in equivalent staining are described as well. Manual protocol Freshly cut sections should be used (less than 10 days between cutting and staining). Heat-induced antigen retrieval for 5 minutes in an autoclave at 121°C in pH 7,8 Target ... The diagnostic role of TFF1 immunohistochemistry remains to be determined. The prognostic role of TFF1 expression in different subtypes of cancer remains to be determined. The functional effects of TFF1 remain to be elucidated in cancer and in inflammation. There are two ways how the specificity of antibodies can be documented for immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed tissues. These are: 1. Comparison with a second independent method for target expression measurement across a large number of different tissue types (orthogonal strategy), and 2. Comparison with one or several independent antibodies for the same target and showing that all positive staining results are also seen with other antibodies for the same target (independent antibody strategy). Orthogonal validation: For the antibody MSVA-482M specificity is suggested by the strong concordance of the immunostaining data with data from three independent RNA screening studies, including the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq tissue dataset, the FANTOM5 project, and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, which are all summarized in the Human Protein Atlas (Tissue expression TFF-1) . In these databases TFF1 RNA expression was only described to occur in the stomach, the organ for ...